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Western Rite Orthodoxy
Western Rite Orthodoxy or Western Orthodoxy or Orthodox Western Rite are terms used to describe Orthodox congregations and groups which are autocephalous Churches or are an accommodation as a rite in an Eastern Orthodox Church or Oriental Orthodox Churches, but which use traditional Western liturgies rather than adopting Eastern liturgies such as the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom. While there are some ancient examples of Western Rite churches in areas predominantly using the Byzantine Rite (the Monastery of Saint Mary of the Latins, often referred to as Amalfi, is a common example), the history of the movement is often considered to begin in the nineteenth century with the life and work of Julian Joseph Overbeck.
Currently, there are Eastern Churches that have accommodated Western Rite parishes within the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America as a part of the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate (AWRV), and within the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR-MP). Among the Old Calendarists, the former Western Rite Exarchate of the Holy Synod of Milan and the Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles both use the Western Rite. Western Rite parishes are found almost exclusively in countries with large Roman Catholic or Protestant majorities. There are also numerous devotional societies and publishing ventures related to the Western Rite. Despite having a place within many Orthodox jurisdictions, the Western Rite remains a contentious issue for some.〔Cf. Alexander Schmemann, "Some Reflection Upon 'A Case Study'" ''St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 24.4 (1980), pp. 266–269; Gregory H. M. Dye, "Some Reflections on the Western Rite – II" ''St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 27.2 (1983), pp. 125–126; and Chrysostomos H. Stratman, ''The Roman Rite in Orthodoxy'' (Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Education Society, 1957), for examples.〕
==Origins==
"Western Orthodox" Christians the time prior to the 1054 East–West Schism, when the Eastern Greek and Western Latin Churches were one ecclesial communion, confessing the same orthodox, catholic Christian faith. In the East, the Byzantine Rite was the predominant liturgical rite; in the West, the Roman Rite was one of the dominant Latin liturgical rites. When, in 1054, papal delegates excommunicated Patriarch Michael Cerularius of Constatantinople, and the latter retaliated by excommunicating the Bishop of Rome, many of the Churches in communion with Constantinople used the Byzantine Rite, though there were still places where other liturgies, including the Roman Rite, were used. The Byzantine Rite, after the 13th century, became dominant in the Orthodox world almost to the point of exclusion of any other liturgy. This changed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when some Western Christians converted to Orthodoxy but retained some of their Western liturgical forms of worship.
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